How to Prioritize Sustainability When Custom Designing Your Home
By Cora Gold
Custom designing your own home is a fantastic opportunity to put sustainability front and center. Whether you are building from scratch or undertaking a complete renovation, environmentally friendly choices will benefit the planet and create a healthier home that is more cost-effective to run. Here are the top six areas to prioritize.
1. Aim for a Passive House Design
If you are building from the ground up, intelligent choices will allow your home to do some of the work itself, through its positioning, shape, and layout. This is the core of the passive house philosophy. For example:
- Orient the home to take advantage of the sun’s path for natural heating in winter.
- Design a layout that promotes cross-ventilation, reducing the need for air conditioning.
- Use strategic shading to boost summer coolness.
- Install a heat recovery system to reuse heat in the ventilation exhaust air.
New builds incorporating these ideas can achieve energy savings of 75% compared to standard new homes, and 90% compared to typical existing housing stock.
2. Choose a High-Performance Roofing System
The roof is your first line of defense against the elements and a key factor in energy efficiency.
Plan for Solar Readiness
Orient the roof for maximum sun and ensure it has structural support for panels. Even if you do not want to install solar yet, this is a future-proofing step, as many states are considering mandating solar for new builds. Costs have decreased by 90% in recent decades, making it an accessible choice.
Consider a Green Roof
A living roof, covered in vegetation, has many benefits. It provides excellent insulation and manages stormwater runoff. If you use native plants, you will create a valuable pollinator habitat that can be crucial in urban areas.
3. Create a Tightly Sealed Building Envelope
Apart from your roof, the rest of the home’s envelope — the walls, windows and doors — also play a role in energy transfer, so getting this right is vital for sustainability.
Ensure there is high-quality, continuous insulation in the walls to create a thermal barrier. High-performance windows are another critical investment, as conduction, radiation, air leaks, and convection currents account for up to 30% of a home’s energy loss — look for well-insulated windows with a low U-factor. Low-e coatings and glazes can also help reflect or retain heat, as can gas fills between window panes.
4. Select Healthy and Durable Interior Finishes
Moving inside the home, sustainable choices are nontoxic and long-lasting, thereby preserving your health and minimizing future renovation waste.
Avoid VOCs
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are found in many paints, varnishes and flooring types. These contribute to environmental smog and air pollution and can also leach into groundwater. They are also toxic to human health, potentially causing airway irritation, headaches, or worse.
No- or low-VOC paints and finishes are a good start, but be aware that other chemicals in these products can also be harmful. For a truly environmentally friendly choice, look for natural or organic paints and stains.
Choose Sustainable Materials
Consider a material’s overall life cycle assessment when selecting countertops and surfaces. Natural stone has a lower embodied carbon footprint than most materials, particularly if sourced locally, because its extraction involves minimal processing. It is durable, beautiful, naturally VOC-free, and easy to care for, making it a strong choice.
Other excellent options for various home uses include recycled glass, bamboo, cork or reclaimed wood. The latter three are all durable flooring materials, but if you prefer carpet, look for untreated natural fibers with recycled padding.
5. Integrate Water-Saving Systems
Low-flow toilets, showerheads, and faucets can significantly reduce a home’s consumption of this precious resource. For example, installing WaterSense-certified toilets can cut toilet water use by up to 60% without sacrificing performance. Consider installing a rainwater harvesting system for gardening or other non-potable needs.
6. Opt for High-Efficiency Appliances and Technology
Modern technology can significantly boost a home’s sustainability. Install a smart thermostat that learns your habits and automatically adjusts the temperature to save energy while you are away. Smart lighting and plugs will help, too.
Choose appliances with high energy-efficiency ratings. For example, an Energy Star-rated water heater will use around 70% less energy than a standard model, and similar efficiencies across other appliances all add up.
Building a Better Tomorrow
Designing a sustainable home is an exciting challenge. By prioritizing a high-performance structure, durable materials, and efficient systems, you can create a truly sustainable living space. Your home will tread lightly on the planet and cost less to run — a win-win for everyone’s future.
About the author: Cora Gold is a sustainability writer who aims to live a healthy, low-waste lifestyle. Read more from Cora in Revivalist magazine, LinkedIn, and Twitter.