How Railways Contribute to Sustainable Urban Development
Many people associate trains with large smokestacks and the large amount of fossil fuels they use and transport. They are not a conventional symbol of sustainability, yet they have a role to play in greener societies. What does that look like, and how can railways change their reputation to be more sustainable?
What Is the Role of Railways and Trains in Sustainable Development?
There are three main ways railways could lead to sustainable development. The first is their surprisingly low environmental impact. Despite the image they have, they produce only 14% of the emissions of air travel, making trains far better than planes in this regard.
Electric rails are also becoming more prevalent, comprising 85% passenger and 55% freight activity. It is an optimistic perspective on railway futures.
Trains are also deceptively energy-efficient. They are the most resourceful motorized transport option. Electrified trains producing even fewer emissions could be the best way to get around urban areas and transport goods. Some can even run on nuclear power, diversifying the types of cleaner energies that can go into them.
Nations also benefit economically from investing in trains. Regions are better connected and can more seamlessly support nearby businesses. This also encourages a shift to more public-based transit instead of private roadway reliance.
The employment opportunities are also extensive, including those of drivers, engineers, and energy experts, among countless others. It introduces people to more green skills, which are severely lacking in today’s society.
What Are Their Current Drawbacks?
Trains won’t be able to be the sustainable staple they could be without overcoming significant hurdles. Infrastructure is expensive, especially when many developed nations have already invested in highways.
New rail projects will take time, labor, and resources before becoming environmentally friendly. High initial investments and complex budget outlines are required to finance future projects.
Additionally, maintenance becomes a more community-based concern versus an individual responsibility. While this benefits and alleviates pressures off car commuters, it is another hard ask from a financial perspective. It will only be worth it to governments if the utilization rate is high enough, which requires a social and cultural reset about how people view transportation.
Technical limitations hold railways back. Despite the proliferation of electric models, diesel is still their primary fuel source. Freight operations, in particular, are guilty of their fossil fuel reliance. Scaling electrification is already proving to be a challenge on an individual level — it is harder to expand at statewide and national levels.
Widespread adoption also demands grid modernization and other critical and network infrastructure upgrades so everything works seamlessly together. This could include implementing firewalls, encryption, and antivirus software to ensure safety.
The industry faces many operational challenges. Staff shortages and knowledge gaps permeate the sector, especially with green skills. Rail components are changing constantly, including more flexible cables with chemical-resistant conduits that need unique routine upkeep.
Quality inconsistency throughout workforces could lead to reliability concerns and poor scheduling. Resistance is happening while competition from other types of transport persists.
How Can Railways Improve for an Eco-Friendly Future?
Fossil fuels must be eliminated from trains so environmentalists can take them seriously. Some options include hydrogen fuel cell-powered rail, also known as hydrail. Spain is on its way to developing the first of its kind, and robust battery-electric trains that travel on more types of rails are also being produced.
Others are experimenting with incorporating solar panels on top of train stations or the cars themselves as another renewable energy source.
Here are several other technological developments that could make trains even better for the planet:
- Smart grid integration
- Increased critical infrastructure cybersecurity
- Magnetic levitation technology
- Hyperloop development
- Digital management systems
- Remote and smart maintenance
Finally, research and development are key but must be backed by governmental funding and regulatory support. Policymakers must advocate for more comprehensive policies to enforce and incentivize rapid rollout.
Eventually, growing interest will lead to more public-private partnerships to further the efforts. Carbon reduction targets should influence these to make them even more impactful.
Chugging Toward Progress
Sustainable trains will be necessary on an eco-friendly planet—just not in their current form. Complementary technologies like hydrogen and magnetics must advance so environmentally friendly railways can flourish.
Headlines are bringing attention to several high-speed rail projects, and younger generations are becoming more aware of ecological concerns. Perhaps these catalysts could lead to a revolution the railway industry desperately needs.